GLOSSARY OF JAPANESE TERMS

Translation of terms often used in Ashihara Karate classes (English vs Japanese Romanji)
Counting & Numbers
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
​Ten
Ichi
Ni
San
Shi / Yon
Go
Roku
Shichi / Nana
Hachi
Ku / Kyu
​Ju
Verbal Commands
Etiquette-related
Kneel (formally)

Stand

Relaxed Sitting

Bow

Bow to Front 
(of dojo)

Bow to Master

Bow to Teacher

Bow to Seniors

Bow to Each Other

Push & Endure (symbolic verbal acknowledgement)

Meditation

Please (formal)

Thank you (formal)

Training has Started

Training has Finished
Seiza

Tate

Anza

Rei

Shōmen ni Rei


Shihan ni Rei

Sensei ni Rei

Sempai ni Rei

Otagai ni Rei

​
Osu



Mokuso

Onegaishimasu

Arigatō Gozaimasu

Keiko Hajimemasu

​
Keiko Owarimasu
Postures & Stances
Cross (block) and Get Ready

Ready

Sanchin Stance, Ready

Sparring Posture, Ready

Return to Starting Position

Stop

Relax / At Ease
Juji wo Kitte


Yōi

Sanchin Dachi, Yōi


Kumite no Kamae, Yōi

Naorre / Naotte


Yame

Yasume
Tournaments & Sparring Matches
Red

White

One Point

3/4 Point

Half Point

1/4 Point

Adds Up to One Point

Resume Fighting

Warning

Penalty

Referee's Conference

Decision

Disqualification

Win

Draw / Tie

Forfeit

Externsion / Overtime Round

Final Overtime Round

Chief Referee

Corner Judge (Assistant Referee)

Championship Tournament
Aka

Shiro

Ippon

Yoko-ari

Waza-ari

Koka

Awasete Ippon

​
Zokkō

Chūi

Genten

Fukushin Shūgō

​
Hantei

Shikaku

Kachi

Hikiwake

Kiken

Saishiai


Enchōsen

​
Shushin

Fukushin


Senshuken Taikai
Trajectories
Directions
Front

Behind / Back

Left

Right

Side

Half-Facing

45 Degrees

Forward

Backward

Sideways (Left & Right)

Rising

Dropping / Descending

Around / Roundhouse

Outside

Inside

Upper Level

Mid Level

Lower Level
Mae

Ura

Hidari

Migi

Yoko

Hanmi

Yonjūgodo

Omote

Ushiro

Sayū

Age / Keage

Oroshi / Otoshi

Mawashi

Soto

Uchi

Jōdan

Chūdan

Gedan
Targets
Head

Face

Eye(s)

Ear(s)

Nose

Chin / Jaw

Mouth

Temple of the Head

Neck

Throat

Shoulder

Collar Bone

Arm(s)

Chest

Rib(s)

Spleen

Solar Plexus

Abdomen (Below the Navel)

Thigh

Joint of a Limb

Groin / Testicles
Atama

Ganmen

Me

Mimi

Hana

Ago

Kuchi

Komekami

Kubi

Nodo

Kata

Sakotsu

Ude

Mune

Rokkotsu

Hizō

Mizo-ochi

Hara

Momo

Kansetsu

Kintama / Kinteki / Kin
Fundamentals
Stances & Postures
Ready Stance

"3-Battles" Stance

Horse-riding Stance

Parallel Stance

Heels Connected Stance

Feet Together Stance

Forward Leaning Stance

Kicking Stance

Sparring Posture
Yōi Dachi

Sanchin Dachi

Kiba Dachi

Heikō Dachi

Musubi Dachi

Heisoku Dachi

Zenkutsu Dachi

Geri no Kamae

Kumite no Kamae
Basic Techniques
Punch

Kick

Strike

Block

Throw

Pull

Push

Jump

Roll

Hook

Break-Balance

Evade

Positioning / Angling
Tsuki / Zuki

Geri

Uchi

Uke

Nage

Hiki

Oshi

Tobi

Kaiten

Kake

Kuzushi

Kyushū

Sabaki
Weapons of the Feet
Foot / Leg

Ball of the Foot

Instep of the Foot

Edge of the Foot

Arc of the Foot

Heel

Shin

Knee
Ashi

Chūsoku

Haisoku

Sokutō

Teisoku

Kakato

Sune

Hiza
Kicking Techniques
Front Rising Kick

Outside Crescent Kick

Inside Crescent Kick

Heel Drop (Axe Kick)

Knee Kick

Groin Kick

Front Kick

Roundhouse Kick

Side Kick

Joint Kick

Backwards Kick

Hook Kick

Backwards (spinning) Roundhouse Kick

Jumping Kick

Triangle Kick

Cutting Kick
​(to the supporting leg)
​
Mae Keage Geri

Soto Mawashi Geri


Uchi Mawashi Geri

Kakato Otoshi

​
Hiza Geri

Kinteki Geri

Mae Geri

Mawashi Geri

Yoko Geri

Kansetsu Geri

Ushiro Geri

Kake Geri

Ushiro Mawashi Geri


Tobi Geri

Sankaku Geri

Jikuashi Geri
​
Foot / Leg Blocking Techniques
Knee Block

Shin Block

Leg Stopping

Pulling Hook (with the leg)
Hiza Uke

Sune Uke

Ashi Dome

Hikake